{"id":2711,"date":"2022-11-14T10:16:41","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T13:16:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stillmantranslations.com\/?p=2711"},"modified":"2022-11-14T10:19:08","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T13:19:08","slug":"letranger-one-phrase-that-changes-the-whole-story","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/fr\/letranger-one-phrase-that-changes-the-whole-story\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>L\u2019etranger: One phrase that changes the whole story<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>We\u2019re most likely all familiar with Albert Camus\u2019s novel, but it hides a dilemma.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If we didn\u2019t read it, we heard someone mention it. Or we have seen it listed in a school or college curricula.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But what you may not know is that within the <strong>novel\u2019s first sentence<\/strong>, hides a <strong>language riddle<\/strong>. A problem many <strong>literary translators<\/strong> have faced and, in the opinion of many, failed. The waters divide in two. Between <strong>\u201cThe Outsider\u201d and \u201cThe Stranger\u201d<\/strong> yes. But most importantly, two subtle and seemingly minor translation decisions in the very <strong>first phrase<\/strong> that have the power to change the way we read everything that follows.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stillmantranslations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Untitled-design-3-1024x684.jpg\" alt=\"Albert Camus; literary translators; L\u2019etranger\" class=\"wp-image-2713\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Untitled-design-3-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Untitled-design-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Untitled-design-3-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Untitled-design-3-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Untitled-design-3.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Photo by<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@beinganoctopus?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em> being an octopus<\/em><\/a><em> on<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/camus?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em> Unsplash<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Albert Camus<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Albert Camus was a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Albert-Camus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> French novelist<\/a>, essayist, and playwright. He is best known for his novels <strong>The Stranger<\/strong> (1942), The Plague (1947), and The Fall (1956). He won the Nobel Prize for Literature, much to his surprise at the moment. And was recognized for his clear-sighted earnestness with which he illuminated the problems of the human conscience.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9tranger, the piece we are focusing on, was published in the U.S. under the title <em>The Stranger<\/em>, and in Britain as <em>The Outsider<\/em>. This novel is a study of 20th-century alienation with a portrait of an \u201coutsider\u201d condemned to death for shooting an Arab. But in reality, for saying what he genuinely feels and refusing to conform to society\u2019s demands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Outsider, stranger or foreigner?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These words carry three associated but nevertheless distinct meanings: <strong>the stranger, the foreigner and the outsider. <\/strong>And none of them truly represent the meaning of the original word. An \u00e9tranger can mean a foreign national, an alienated outsider or an unfamiliar traveler. Which is best?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s go over a few <a href=\"https:\/\/www.askdifference.com\/outsider-vs-stranger\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">definitions<\/a> (since the foreigner wasn\u2019t as acclaimed, we\u2019ve left it out):&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Outsider:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One who is not part of a community or organization.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018While the initiated easily understand the symbols, they are wholly inaccessible to outsiders.\u2019;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One not belonging to the concern, institution, party, etc., spoken of; one disconnected in interest or feeling.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Stranger<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A person whom one does not know; a person who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018That gentleman is a stranger to me.\u2019; \u2018Children are taught not to talk to strangers.\u2019;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stranger&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A newcomer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Outsider proved itself the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordstudent.com\/2012\/12\/20\/the-stranger-the-outsider-and-the-foreigner\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">less popular<\/a> choice. Probably due to the phonic similarity between \u2018stranger\u2019 and the original title. But back in the day, the outsider made sense for a different reason.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some people believe it was called<strong> The Stranger in American editions<\/strong>, and <strong>The Outsider in British ones for political reasons. <\/strong>Theories went as far as to hypothesize that in the melting pot of New York, they had a more acute sense of foreignness that directed them towards The Stranger. While in class conscious Britain, social exclusion made more sense locally.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though plausible, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2016\/oct\/14\/camus-letranger-stranger-than-fiction-alice-kaplan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">neither are correct<\/a>. Cyril Connolly, the magazine editor and influential literary critic, brought attention to The Stranger immediately. By September 1945, he had also sent his complete manuscript to Knopf in the US with instructions and a title: The Stranger.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But, right after, Hutchinson called one of their Russian novels The Stranger.\u201d So in Britain, the decision was made to name the novel The Outsider.\u00a0 Blanche Knopf was not happy. And readers were never informed that the two titles were an accident. And while political questions were not part of the original decision, the titles do lend themselves to conflicting political interpretations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The <em>probl\u00e9matique: \u201cAujourd\u2019hui, maman est morte\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>But the star of this article, and of so many debates, is the opening of Albert Camus\u2019s \u201cL\u2019\u00c9tranger\u201d. The line goes <strong>\u201cAujourd\u2019hui, maman est morte.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was translated by many: Stuart Gilbert, Joseph Laredo, Kate Griffith, Matthew Ward. Some believe more understanding between author and translator would have prevented the text from being shifted in ways that Camus never intended. But many argue not. After all, we\u2019ve had time to reflect upon this.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/books\/page-turner\/lost-in-translation-what-the-first-line-of-the-stranger-should-be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stuart Gilbert<\/a>, a British scholar and a friend of James Joyce,rendered the first line as \u201cMother died today.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The two elements in discussion are the not discreet change from <em>Maman <\/em>to Mother. And the change in word order, where \u2018today\u2019 is no longer the first word, but the last. Why is this so tremendously relevant?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meursault, the protagonist, is a very ambivalent character. A stranger to us. Not created to please. But his mother plays a big role in how we judge him. And her being called Mom, mother, mommy or <em>Maman<\/em> makes a difference. But it\u2019s not so simple.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nor \u201cMother\u201d nor \u201cMommy\u201d translate quite right. The first is somewhat detached. The second is childish. Meursault is none. The French word <em>Maman<\/em> hangs somewhere between the two. Many argue \u201cMom\u201d is a good fit. Others argue there is something off-putting and abrupt about single-syllable words. For whichever reason, no one tried it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s more, it wasn\u2019t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/books\/page-turner\/lost-in-translation-what-the-first-line-of-the-stranger-should-be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">until 1988 <\/a>that the line saw a single word changed. When poet Matthew Ward reverted \u201cMother\u201d back to <em>Maman<\/em>. He found, in the end, the structure and etymology was close enough for it not to be translated, yet to be understood, and to portray familiarity and warmth. It also reminds readers that they are entering a world different from their own by the single use of a foreign word.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That being said. Why is the <strong>word order<\/strong> of \u201ctoday\u201d so important? And why didn\u2019t they leave \u201cToday, Mother has died\u201d? Syntactically, \u201cAujourd\u2019hui, maman est morte,\u201d is not the most fluid English sentence. So<strong> literary translators adapted it.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But again, this is not how Meursault viewed the world. This <em>etranger<\/em> is a character who, first and foremost, lives for the moment. He doesn\u2019t dwell nor worry about the future. Time is a heavy motif throughout the novel. It\u2019s not an accessory. So many believe that Camus\u2019s intent was for time to come before the action itself in this first sentence. \u201cToday\u201d comes between Meursault and his mother\u2019s death.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The sentence, and the answer to the \u201cL\u2019\u00c9tranger\u201d riddle, therefore is brought forward finally as: \u201cToday, Maman died.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do you have any <strong>literary translations<\/strong> in mind? Call our language experts at Stillman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/stillmantranslations.com\/fr\/category\/blog\/language-curiosities\/\">If you would like to learn more about this topic go to\u00a0The whole world needs accessibility.<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We\u2019re most likely all familiar with Albert Camus\u2019s novel, but it hides a dilemma. If we didn\u2019t read it, we heard someone mention it. Or we have seen it listed in a school or college curricula.&nbsp;&nbsp; But what you may not know is that within the novel\u2019s first sentence, hides a language riddle. A problem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2716,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5,63,62,9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-communication","category-education-blog","category-language-curiosities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019etranger: One phrase that changes the whole story | Stillman Translations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We\u2019re most likely all familiar with Albert Camus, but it hides a dilemma. 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